Western Civilization

Today in Western Civilization we took a vote on if we wanted to take the test or not and we decided we didn't want to take a test and then we did questions out of the book to get ten points these questions focused on. Rennisance is a term that means rebirth humanism is an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements, secular is having world power, a patron is someone who financially supports the arts perspective is a technique that painters use to show three dimensions on a flat surface, and vernacular is a native language instead of Latin. A Renaissance man is referring to somebody who can basically do anything, a universal man and Renaissance women are basically the same things and they were expected to inspire art but not to create art. A reason that a lot of artists lived in Italy is that their patrons were in Italy a patron is somebody who supports the arts financially. We also learned that priests and people that were very high up favo...

Today in Western Civilization we took notes on socially the renaissance put emphasis on secular and the individually alleged church authority. politically some rulers began to challenge the church's political power. economically northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome. Corrupt leadership is whats wrong with the church many priests and monks were poorly educated some priests got married and had children and others drank money and gambled. The selling of indulgences releases a sinner from performing the penalty imposed for sins Johann Tetzel liked this while Martin Luther didn't Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses and an indulgence is when you would give a priest money to go straight into heaven. The church criticizes Luther and his ideas and Luther suggests Christians drive the pope from the church by force. Holy Roman Emperor Charles vis a devout Christian wanted Martin Luther to admit indulgences are fake and Catholic means uni...

Today in Western Civilization we learned that the last test that we will take this year will be on the Friday right before exams and it will only be on two sections. We learned that the Renaissance is a period in European history that took place from between the 14th and the 17th centuries. It is similar to the middle ages and we do not know the exact time the renaissance started but we do know it started around these time periods. We also learned that Renaissance means rebirth we learned what patrons where and we learned that a lot of the famous artists today would not be where they are now if they didn't have patrons. We also learned how the term renaissance man and rennisance women came to be and it basically means people who do everything overall the notes that we took were pretty interesting.

Today in Western Civilization we took our tests which I think I did well in it might be the first test I pass in this class then we took notes on the Renaissance which is a term that means rebirth and in this context it refers to a revival of art and learning. Humanism is an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements something I thought to mean the exact opposite secular means world power which I thought secular meant power that isn't spread around the earth. Renaissance painters used the technique of perspective which shows three dimensions on a flat surface. Vernacular is a writer Dantes native language instead of Latin during this time period because many people couldn't read or write oral tradition became very important and thats the reason that there were so many different languages because nobody could write they could only speak.

Today in Western Civilization we prepared for our tests by taking notes on the Germanic kingdom and what Charlemagne did to unite kingdoms and the new society has roots in classical heritage of Rome, beliefs of the Roman Catholic church, customs of various Germanic tribes. We also learned that the fifth-century Germanic invaders overran the Western half of the Roman empire. Which caused disruption of trade, the downfall of cities, and most of the population moved to rural areas. We also learned that a big thing that was going on was the decline of learning it was not because people were not able to learn the reason there was a decline of learning was people did not care. We also learned about Charlemagne, Pepin the short, and Charles Martel and for the test, we need to know the relations of these people.

Today in Western Civilization we took notes on Clovis who ruled the Germanic people of Gaul known as the Franks in 496 he has a battlefield conversion by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom with Clovis and the church working as partners. In 520 Benedict writes rules for Monks vows of poverty, Chastity, and obedience, his sister Scholastica writes rules for nuns they operate schools maintain libraries and copy books. Pope Gregory goes secular and church revenues are used to help the poor build roads and raise armies this is a theocracy. Clovis rules the Franks in Gaul until his death in 511 most of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms. Charles Martels son Peppin the short Pepin died in 768 leaving two sons Carloman and Charles known as Charlemagne. Charlemagne emphasized education and culture, Lous the Pius ruled from 814 to 840 they divided the empire at the treaty of Verdum.

Today in Western Civilization we learned that many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire. We also learned that Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout the northern empire, middle ages were the medieval period AD 476 to AD 1453 medieval Europe is fragmented the new society has roots in the classic heritage of Roman beliefs of the Catholic church and customs of various Germanic tribes. Invaders overran the western ha;f of the Roman empire causing disruption of trade downfall of cities and population shifts, the effect of invasion led to a decline of learning because nobody cared enough to learn and at this time period only the smart people could read and write. Germanic warriors loyalty is to the lord of manor they provide them with basic necessities result was no orderly government for large areas and small communities rule.

Today in Western Civilization we took notes on different vocabulary terms we learned that a lord was another name for a landowner and fief was the land that was granted to the lord, the person receiving the fief was called a vassal. Knights have mounted horsemen who pledged to defend their lord's lands in exchange for fiefs. A serf was somebody who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born and there wasn't much they could do to change that. A manor was the lord or landowners estate, and the last vocab term that we learned was tithe which was payments to the lord that peasant families had to pay and it was a church tax. Another thing that we learned is for most serfs both men and women life was work and more work. Their days revolved around raising crops and livestock and taking care of home and family. As soon as children were old enough they were put to work and that is probably the biggest difference between then and now.

Today in Western Civilization we went over the test and after that, we took notes on the invasions of the western empire. We learned that there was a massive disruption of trade, the downfall of cities, and the population shifted drastically. While all of this was happening Germany was starting to adopt Christianity monasteries, convents, and Manuscripts were used to adapt to rural conditions. Although there were many bad things happening there was some good after the Roman empire dissolved small kingdoms popped up in all different places around Europe. The Charlemagne became emperor Pepin the short died in 768 and he left a greatly strengthened Frankish kingdom to his two sons Carloman and Charles. Charlemagne led a revival by limiting the authority of the nobles. To govern his empire he sent out royal agents that made sure the powerful people governed their countries justly. He also kept a close watch on the management of his huge estates the source of hi...

Today in Western Civilization we took our test and after we finished we took notes on disruption of the trade businesses collapsed because merchants faced invasion. Cities were abandoned as centers of administration and Roman centers of trade and government collapsed nobles retreated to rural areas. Learning declined because most of the invaders could not read or write. Latin changed because german speaking people mixed it with Latin it led to the loss of a common language. We also learned more about the Roman empire and how Christianity didn't lead to the fall of the Roman empire right away and the ways that it lead to the fall of the Roman empire because it was not fast right away it was gradual. We also learned about how Christianity began and why there were people against it the surprising thing is that the law said you had to worship the Roman Gods so if you were a Christian technically you were breaking the law. After we finished taking note...

Today in Western Civilization we took notes on the Germanic barbarians these barbarians became the nobles or aristocrats of medieval Europe. Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands conquered people who lived beyond the frontiers and were still pagans. The angels and Saxons invaded Britain and assimilated the native Britons most angel Saxons were converted to Christianity. Franks was the most powerful Germanic tribe mayors of the palace were royal officials and nobles themselves, Eastern Roman empire was divided up by Barbarian tribes when Justinian came to power in 527 he reunited the Roman empire Justinian succeeded for a little but was conquered by new Barbarian tribes and a plaque depopulated most of the west. Greek Byzantine saw themselves as the heads of the church the Church and Byzantines preserved art architecture philosophy and etc, Justin built a dome that he gave to a church and it was considered to be the most glorious church on e...

Today in Western Civilization we took notes on Jesus in the beginning and how his followers believe he is the Messiah and savior who is risen from the dead and because of this Christianity evolves. Christians and Jews were monotheistic this conflicted with the Roman beliefs, and persecution against both was very common during this time period. Roman empire and Christianity are now linked in power and influence, Economic trade was too high and trade became very risky taxes were too high and food supply was dropping Diocletian divided the empire into two Greek-speaking people the east which had more resources and West which was rooted in Rome tradition. Constantine becomes emperor over both halves of the empire and after his death, the empire is divided again. The Barbarian invaders overrun the empire frontiers and that was it for the Roman empire.

Today in Western Civilization we learned that the Roman Empire Constantine had a vision before the battle Milivian bridge, He saw an image in the sky that he said was of a cross then he ordered all of his troops to put a cross on their shields however some people don't think he actually saw a cross in the sky and that it was something else but there is no true way to find out. After this Christianity finally became a recognized Religion it continued to gain strength and by 830 it actually became the empires official Religion. As Christianity strengthened Rome weakened the military was too weak to defend a huge area, Economy taxes were too high, there was disloyalty and this was probably the thing that hurt them the most because there was already nothing going the way they wanted it too this caused the political division of the empire. The Last Roman Emperor was in 476.

Today in Western Civilization we continued learning about Religion we also learned Paul traveled all over the world and in Mass when the priest says a reading from Paul to the Romans, Corinthians, Ephesians, Phillippians, Colossians Romans and stuff like that those were all different places that he traveled and he traveled many more. There is also a book called the one hundred most influential people and half of the people that are in the book are people that I have never heard of. Both Jews and Christians were monotheistic they refused to worship the Romand Gods. Jews and Christians were also persecuted by the Roman authorities since their Religion contradicted the law they could be exiled and they could be punished and the punishment they used back then was a lot crueler than it is now. Christian Religion embraced all people and they promised life after death.

Today in Western Civilization we went over the test that we recently took then we started taking notes on Religion. The first thing we learned about was Christianity begins with Jesus most of what we know of Jesus comes from the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, gospel means good news, Jesus was a Jewish preacher in Judea who set himself apart from the other Messiahs, Jesus taught Gods person relationship to each human being the message of love. We also learned that Jesus followers believed he was the Messiah and that when he would one day end the world he would bring the truly faithful into the kingdom of God, Jesus was believed to be both man and son of god human and divine. Jesus was deemed a threat to Roman rule so he was crucified. Also, there was a man named Paul he used to not be very religious but he then converted he helped found churches in many places and he kept in touch with the Christians by letters.

Today in Western Civilization we had a substitute and in the beginning, we started taking notes out of the textbook most people were almost finished but the main thing that the textbook was focusing on was how Religion influenced civilization and how Religion was not very big until the rise of Christianity also it talked about how alot of people were persecuted for being Christians because not many of the big important people agreed with Christianity and this made some people get into arguments and this also leads to people being killed if they didnt have the same beliefs as you did which is also a big them in the Bible Jesus was killed because other people didnt gree with his beliefs. But everyone finished so we got to do work for our other classes